Denne rapporten tar utgangspunkt i oppfølgingsintervjuer gjennomført høsten 2021 med et utvalg av de 24 naturbaserte reiselivsaktørene som ble intervjuet i 2017 og 2018 som del av det tverrfaglige forskningsprosjektet BIOTOUR. På bakgrunn av Covid-19 pandemien oppstod det et behov og en interesse for å undersøke nærmere hvordan disse bedriftene håndterte utfordringene som fulgte med pandemien. Rapporten belyser hvilke konsekvenser pandemien fikk for små naturbaserte reiselivsbedrifter, herunder bedriftsledernes strategier i møte med pandemien, eventuelle endringer av disse, fordeler og ulemper ved å være en liten bedrift i krisetider, læringsmomenter og erfaringer som bedriftsledere, samt deres tanker om framtiden for naturbasert reiseliv i Norge. Rapporten inngår i det tverrfaglige forskningsprosjektet «BIOTOUR – fra stedsbaserte ressurser til verdifulle opplevelser». Prosjektet ble ledet av Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet (NMBU) med Ruralis – Institutt for rural- og regionalforskning som en av partnerne. Prosjektet ble gjennomført i perioden 2016-2021, hvilket inkluderer et års forlengelse på grunn av Covid-19 pandemien. Hovedmålsetningen var å utforske nøkkelbetingelser for videreutvikling av naturbasert reiseliv i norsk bioøkonomi som sikrer næringsutvikling, robuste lokalsamfunn og bærekraftig ressursbruk. BIOTOUR ble finansiert av Norges Forskningsråd gjennom BIONÆR-programmet.
- Anders M. Melås
- Bjørn Eidem
- Gunn-Turid Kvam
- Egil Petter Stræte
- Marit Aursand
- Ida Grong Aursand
- Silje Forbord
- Roald Sand
- Inger Beate Standal
- Grete Stokstad
- Margareth Øverland
- Richard Helliwell
- Carol Morris
- Stephen Jones
- Alexander Zahl-Thanem
- Anne Margrethe (Maggi) Brigham
- Ellen Ersfjord
- Gudveig Gjøsund
- Reidun Heggem
- Line Oldervoll
- Tanja Plasil
- Katrina Rønningen
- Camilla Sandström
How to turn the different “ways of seeing” and “ways of knowing” into “ways of making” legitimate regulations, processes, and legal frameworks for the potential sharing of benefits and burdens of natural resources and places? Political science, geography, and anthropology are all concerned with power and its structuring effects; anthropology, however, provides a vital sensitivity toward contextual, cultural, and historical factors. Environmental communication exercises power as a tool in processes of decolonization and struggles for self-determination, but also through the many mandatory requirements of planning and licensing processes, EIAs, participatory processes, and so on. Environmental communication may thus be used to understand power struggles and conflicts, while also itself shaping these struggles. These processes generally lack the tools to take multi-generational experiences, oral narratives, and local knowledge into consideration, while employing very narrow time perspectives. Anthropology thus provides a sorely needed approach that is crucial to mapping land use and meanings properly.
- Rita Moseng Sivertsvik
- Magnar Forbord
- Kreg Lindberg
- Madeleine Gustavsson
- Lucy Szaboova
- Rachel Turner
Et økt arealkrav i svinehold kan gi bedre dyrevelferd, men vil også føre til høyere kostnader for bonden. I denne rapporten vurderes de økonomiske effektene av en reduksjon av antall griser per bruk med en tredel utløst av en dobling av arealkravet sammenlignet med dagens regelverk. Beregningene er basert på to bruk med svinehold utarbeidet av Budsjettnemnda for jordbruket.
This report summarizes the results and recommendations from the three-year project Smart technology for sustainable agriculture (SmaT, 2018-2021). SmaT was a collaboration between the Norwegian agricultural cooperative Felleskjøpet Agri, the Norwegian agricultural extension service Norsk landbrukssamvirke, the agricultural secondary school Mære landbruksskole, and researchers from Ruralis and NTNU. Technology-oriented farmers and other professionals have also taken part in the collaboration. The work was funded by the Agriculture and Food Industry Research Funds, and through in-kind contributions from the project’s user partners.
N-3/21 En begynnende kartlegging av kunnskaps- og kompetansesystemet for skogbruk i Trøndelag i 2018
- Gro Follo (contract completed March 2022)
- Rannveig Kristiansen
Dette notatet er leveransen på forprosjektet «I retning av flere aktive og begeistrede, personlige skogeiere i Trøndelag». Forprosjektet er en del av det større prosjektet «Skogløftet – Skogklyngen i Trøndelag» som Arena Skog (nå WoodWorks! Cluster) har med Trøndelag fylkeskommune. Forprosjektet har to elementer. Det første elementet er en kartlegging av kunnskaps- og kompetansesystemet for skogbruk i Trøndelag i 2018, noe som gjøres gjennom å undersøke blant annet hvilke kunnskaps- og kompetansetilbud som faktisk ble gjennomført det kalenderåret. Det andre elementet er en analyse av skogfondskontoene i Trøndelag, og derigjennom en gransking av hvordan skogeiere i Trøndelag i perioden 2009-2018 brukte skogfond til opplæring/kompetanseheving.
Climate change presents the largest global challenge in human history. In order to achieve ambitious climate goals, we need a rapid worldwide decarbonization of all sectors enabled by a socio-technical transformation. Previous research argues that the transition is hindered due to researchers’ disciplinary lock-in that only addresses one piece of the complex phenomenon. This article contributes to this discussion by developing an integrated decision-making model for climate change action. The framework builds on climate change literature from multiple disciplines. It identifies key conditions (stages) influencing people’s decisions about climate action. In order to achieve the transition towards a low-carbon society, a variety of climate policies is needed that address different stages of the decision-making model. These consist of a mix of short-term fix policies such as incentives and carbon pricing, and long-term policies fostering social change by addressing our deeper societal values that redefine social well-being and happiness. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.10.003
The basic objective of this report is to compare Norwegian and global aquaculture and the use of aquafeed reciprocally. We have formulated two main goals: 1) To compile information about the development in use of raw materials in compound feed for aquaculture and land-based animal husbandry respectively, taking updated information as of 2020 on feed for Norwegian aquaculture as point of departure, and 2) To strengthen the knowledge base for future decisions on sourcing and development of feed raw materials for Norwegian aquaculture in the light of international markets for food, availability of commodities as well as climate and environmental demands.
- Pia Piroschka Otte
- Ricardo Bernardo
- Henrik Davidsson
- Peter Samuelsson
- Gustaf Bengtsson
- Viktor Döhlen
- Joakim Olsson
- Randi Phinney
- Lucas Tivana
- Martin Andersson
- Marilyn Rayner
This investigation consisted of developing and evaluating solar dryers together with semi-permeable membrane pouches for drying juicy fruits in low-income tropical countries. Two design iterations were carried out including prototype modelling and testing. The latest developed solar dryers were a passive and an active solar dryer. Modelling was initially carried out mathematically using an equation solver software followed by computational fluid dynamics. Preliminary measurements were carried out on a small-scale solar dryer. Thereafter, full-scale models were developed and tested, both in laboratory and in real conditions in Mozambique. Results from modelling were validated against measurements in laboratory in Sweden and field trials in Mozambique. Prototype building and testing in Mozambique was undertaken in collaboration with local farmers and a university. Measurement results show that the dryers help to prevent microbial growth through increased temperatures. The drying flux was increased by 50% for the passive, and by 100% for the active solar dryers compared to the ambient controls that did not use a solar dryer. The total drying time was below four days for all pouches in the dryers. The active solar dryer was shown to have the shortest drying time and the highest capacity (more pouches) but also the highest costs. Mould growth and juice fermentation were observed on control pouches drying in open air. These problems were solved with the use of solar dryer technology. However, some challenges with the membrane pouches require further development including degradation of the membrane when exposed to direct sunlight. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seja.2021.100006
This article describes a case study of virtual herding and digital fencing technology implementation for goats in Norway. With the abolishing of physical fences, the goats can roam free in a physical sense, but in the digital realm, they are controlled by a virtual fence. The virtual fence, or digital boundary, is set by the famers and interacts with a collar around the goats’ necks. The collar first give a sound signal and thereafter a small electric shock if the goats cross a boundary, resulting in the creation of new classifications and orderings of reality. This article focuses on what this disruption means for contemporary goat farming in terms of practices, perceptions and policies of (smart) farming, as well as how the goats themselves are given new meanings and ways of being. We analyze this with the theoretical concept of “boundary object” and see how goats, which contain a multiplicity of agency and autonomy, are transformed by smart-farming technologies. Collaboration and interaction are made possible despite the fact that the actors have widely different goals. Through negotiations between multiple actors, a new type of goat emerges between nature-, culture- and technology. We conceptualize this as “CyborGoat.” This boundary object facilitates new everyday agricultural settings, which brings new benefits and issues for different stakeholder actors involved. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.08.015
- Terje Finstad
- Margrethe Aune
- Kine Ariela Egseth
This article investigates the domestication of milking robots, most often labelled automatic milking systems (AMS) into dairy farms in Norway. It shows that producers of AMS tend to represent the integration of the technology as a process where their expert systems aid and guide the farmer so that she learns how to be an ‘AMS farmer’. However, farmers' AMS-stories shows us that learning to live with AMS is a process that continues even after the AMS technology seems to have been fully integrated. Furthermore, cows and fellow farmers are central actors, but machines also learn in the process. Hence, we find a extended domestication process where farmers and cows not only adapt to the machine, but indeed that the machine also need to ‘learn’ how to function in particular farms. As such, we target a domestication triangle of machines, animals and farmers where all elements co-evolve. From this we argue that the concept of domestication in studies of agricultural technology needs to take a posthuman turn and focus on a domestication triangle of humans, animals and machines.
- Klaus Mittenzwei
- Sebastian Neuenfeldt
- Alexander Gocht
- Thomas Heckelei
- Pavel Ciaian